Journal: Biology of Reproduction
Article Title: Wnt signaling activation confers a syncytiotrophoblast progenitor state on trophoblast stem cells of cynomolgus monkey †
doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioae131
Figure Lengend Snippet: Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhances STB differentiation. (A) A scheme of the culture conditions. Undifferentiated macTSCs were cultured with [CHIR(+)] or without [CHIR(−)] CHIR99021 for 3 days. Some cells were induced to differentiate in the medium containing dbcAMP [CHIR(−) cAMP and CHIR(+) cAMP] for another 6 days. (B) The relative expression level of a vCTB marker, TEAD4 . (C) Phase contrast images of cells on day 9. Multinucleated STB is outlined by a red line. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D, G) The relative expression levels of STB (D) and EVT (G) markers. For C, D, and G, the mean values (±SD) of technical triplicates of biological duplicates, normalized by the expression of ACTB , are shown relative to those in CHIR(−) (arbitrarily set as 1). Different letters represent significant differences ( p < 0.05). (E) Detection of multinucleated STBs by immunofluorescence for E-cadherin, CG, and DAPI staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. (F) The mean intensity ± SD (%) of STB nuclei calculated from four randomly chosen fields of biological duplicates. Different letters represent significant differences ( p < 0.05). Note that error bars got larger as the STB ratio increased, likely because the larger the STBs formed, the sparser the distribution of STBs became so that some of the randomly selected fields contained very few STBs. (H) Detection of gelatinase activities of MMP2 and MMP9 by gelatin zymography.
Article Snippet: After nuclear counterstaining with DAPI (D523; DOJINDO, Kumamoto, Japan), the cells were mounted on glass slides with VECTASHIELD (H-1000; Vector Laboratories, Newark, CA, USA).
Techniques: Activation Assay, Cell Culture, Expressing, Marker, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Zymography